Speech Notes Ch 11-14

Speech Formatting:
Ch11: Preparation
*Go online and search speech preparation: how do they differ from the book? Why?
* Go online and find a topic database. Find three topics that interest you for an informative speech. Do the topics that you picked meet the criteria?
* Characterize your audience. First impressions and then using brief interviews and surveys.
Analyzing the audience
- Relationship with the speaker
- Relationship with the topic
- View of the occasion
- Attitudes, beliefs, values
Topic
- Consider yourself, your audience
- Brainstorm, current issues, individual inventory, suggestions
Purpose/ Thesis
- Basic objective: inform, persuade
- Specific purpose: exactly what you want to achieve
- Thesis includes goal of speech, ways to achieve goal:
- The purpose of this speech is to inform the class on how give a speech using informative, persuasive, and group dynamics.
- The purpose of this speech is to inform the class on how to develop an informative speech using a topic, an outline, and proper supplemental tools.
- The purpose of this speech is to inform the class on how to develop a persuasive speech using verbal language, non verbal cues, and strong support.
- The purpose of this speech is to inform the class on how to create a group speech using teamwork, shared visions, and a set of rules.

Evidence
- Operational definitions
- Facts vs. Opinions
- Comparisons/ Contrasts
- Testimony (Expert/ Lay)
- Examples
- Statistics (Beware: fabrications, time, average discrepancy, pop. base, how the question is asked, wisely used- effective)
- Statistics ( Proper usage: explain to audience, use sparingly, credible source, simplify , personally involve yourself with statistics for impact)
- Consider quality, quantity, effectiveness
- Source selection: unbiased, peer reviewed, expertise, recency, credibility
- Visual aids (VA): Do they…
- Enhance audience understanding, appreciation, retention, attention and speaker credibility?
- VA’s should be..
- Fully prepared
Limited in number
Relatively simple (6x6 rule)
Inoffensive
Easily seen
Fully discussed
Incorporated seamlessly (they flow)
Secondary focus
There job is to highlight and supplement …

Ch12: Development
*Go online and find sample outlines. How do they fit with the book‘s structural format?
* Complete your outline and then use these notes as a checklist.
*Offer specific instances where you use each of the organizational patterns.
Body
- Points Principles :
- Main- Sub (credibility, logic, and emotionally connected):
- Unity (focused, only necessary information to support thesis)
- Balance (equal parts- time, scope, and importance)
- Guidance (guide, direct audience through speech- control)
- Transitions (connecting lines between main points)
- Organizational Pattern:
- Order of main points for optimal audience comprehension:
- Chronological (time sequence- history/ development)
- Spatial (physical relation- layouts)
- Causal (cause and effect, demonstrating links and patterns: persuasion)
- Q/ A (pose question and then answer- specific concerns: persuasion)
- Topical Pattern (specific categorical information- types of things, ties issues to topic)
- Problem/Solution/ Elimination (problem and solution, and preferences: persuasion)
- Introduction
- attention getter:
- illustration, personal reference, provocative facts/ stats, question, quotation, humor
- thesis: purpose, summary statement
- credibility, relational connection, orientation information to familiarize audience with topic
- Preview: (chronological set up)
- Conclusion
- Wrap up signal/ phrase: “Finally”, “As I draw to close”, “ to conclude”
- Restate thesis: purpose, summary statement
- Summary of main points discusses: “Today I discusses A, B, and C..”, “To review…A,B, and C”
- Audience motivation: “ In the future…”, I suggest that research look at…” , “ I would be interested to know more about…”, “ This project has me thinking about…” (Clincher, relational reinforcement: persuasion)
Ch13: Relating
*Find three sources online that support your topic. How are they similar, how do they differ?
*Consider your audience. Where do you think they stand on your topic? Take a poll. Analyze your audience using the Social Judgment theory.
*Think of a syllogism and enthymeme for your speech.
Informative Speeches: definition/ description
- Expository: in depth analysis: definition
- Process: how to speech: description
Strategies
- Develop relational connection: Why does it matter to you? How does it affect you?
- Narrow focus: stick to the thesis
- Adapt to complexity: summarize, help audience understand
- Clear and simple
- Clear organization and guide audience
- Stress significance
- Choose your language: concrete, abstract, descriptive
- Relate unknown material to common knowledge
- Motivate your audience
Persuasive Speeches: convince, actuate
- Convince: impact audience thinking
- Claim of policy: call to action
- Claim of value: belief (good, bad, helpful, harmful)
- Claim of fact: true or false (representation)
- Claim of conjecture: determined true or false (presentation)
- Audience approaches: reinforce thought, change thought, create new thought
- Actuate: impact audience behavior
- Reinforce existing behavior
- Alter existing behavior
- Cease existing behavior
- Enact new behavior
- Avoid future behavior
- Proofs: Pathos ( emotional appeals), Logos ( logical reasoning – inductive/ deductive), Ethos ( credibility)
- Syllogism: A is true, B is like A, and therefore B is true. ALL is high quality, Great Value is similar to ALL, and Great Value is high quality.
- Enthymeme: syllogism missing a piece. ALL is high quality and Great Value is like ALL. You figure out the rest. IPODS are MP 3 players. MP 3 players must be like IPODS.
- Social Judgment Theory: audience relation to topic: latitude of acceptance ( range of positions), anchor position ( preferred position), latitude of rejection ( unacceptable points), latitude of non commitment ( positions of flexibility)
- Variables: audience involvement (recognition, significance, importance), assimilation effect ( in your latitude of acceptance- strongest), contrast effect ( in your latitude of rejection- strongest)
Ch 14: Delivery
*Search public speaking apprehension on the internet, what is your impression of this topic? Why?
*What are the pros and cons of each of the delivery styles?
*What are your physical tendencies when giving a speech? Why?
Guidelines:
-Be yourself, be conversational, avoid drawing attention to mistakes- pause, regroup, and go on
Styles:
-manuscript delivery (speech wrote out) good for accuracy NOT IN CLASS!
- memorized delivery (speech from memory) optional
- Extemporaneous delivery (speech with minimal notes) YES!!
Goals:
- Enhance credibility: dynamic and energetic, calm composure, social able, inspiring
- Increase audience understanding: guide the audience, tell a story: anticipate audience needs before speech not during
- Connect on a relational level with audience: talk with them and not at them: identification
Components:
- Personal appearance: appropriate, clean and kept, avoid distraction- enhance credibility
- Vocalics: Pitch (appropriate to statement; vary- high/ low), Rate (steady- not to fast or slow), Articulation (Be clear and distinct, avoid mumbling and slang), Volume (adjust accordingly- not too loud or too soft), Pauses (breathe), Nonfluencies (avoid: like, um, er, you know, ok…)
- Eye contact ( Scan audience, focusing in on multiple individuals throughout)
- Facial expression and Body Language – gestures ( appropriate and fitting to speech- avoid distracting mannerisms: nervous energy)
Manage Apprehension: recognize your fears, get to know your audience, know your topic, know your speech (beginning and ending), and know your VAs. PRACTICE!! PRACTICE!! PRACTICE!!